EXTENDING OUR SENSORY RANGE USING TECHNOLOGY
PARTICLE ACCELERATOR
Scientific instruments have opened up sensory domains far beyond the constraints of biological perception. Technology has extended our phenotype enormously and has pushed the boundaries of what can be known...
Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Geneva. Photo source: CERN.
Particle accelerators are designed to recreate some of the conditions during the first moments of the birth of the Universe. In Bill Bryson’s marvelous work of synthesis, A Short History of Nearly Everything we are told:

What it really takes to find particles these days is money and lots of it. There is a curious inverse relationship in modern physics between the scale of the thing being sought and the scale of the facilities required to do the searching. CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear research is like a little city. Straddling the border of France and Switzerland, it employs three thousand people and occupies a site that is measured in square kilometers. CERN boasts a string of magnets that weigh more than the Eiffel Tower and an underground tunnel some 26 kilometres round.

Bryson, Bill (2005) A Short History of Nearly Everything: Special Illustrated Edition. Broadway Books, New York.

 

THE ILL-FATED SUPERCONDUCTING SUPERCOLLIDER PROJECT

Bill Bryson (2005: 202) describes the SSC Project as "the finest example in history of pouring money into a hole in the ground":

Congress spent $2 billion on the project then cancelled it in 1993 after 22 km of tunnel had been dug. So Texas now boasts the most expensive hole in the Universe. The site is… essentially a vast, cleared field dotted along the circumference by a series of disappointed small towns.

According to Nobel Prize winning physicist, Steven Weinberg (1992: 269-270) who provided expert testimony in favor of the project at a Senate hearing, the SSC project infrastructure would have consisted of a

ten foot wide underground tunnel forming an 83-kilometer long oval ring… containing two slender beams of protons traveling in opposite directions… kept on their tracks by 3,840 bending magnets (each 17 meters long)… 19,400 kilometers of superconducting cable and kept cool by 2 million liters of liquid helium.

Bryson, Bill (2005) A Short History of Nearly Everything: Special Illustrated Edition. Broadway Books, New York.

Weinberg, Steven (1992) Dreams of a Final Theory. Vintage Books, Random House, New York.

 

Famous image of Higgs Bosun simulation from CERN site

CERN UPDATE

According to the 2008 end of year news review in the 20/27 December New Scientist:

The particle smasher will attempt to answer such lofty questions as: do other spatial dimensions exist, what is dark energy, what happened to all the antimatter, and what gives matter mass?

On September 19 after only 9 days of acrtivity:

an electrical fault blew a hole in the helium enclosure, releasing 6 tonnes of gas into the tunnel and causing $21 million of damage.

It seems that the LHC should be up and working again by mid 2009

 

 

CERN LHC Credit: Cernpodcast

Unfinished SSC tunnel

Source: Superconducting Supercollider site

LINK TO THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER: MILESTONES PAGE AT CERN